![]() There was much more in the fields of epidemiology, anthropology, sociology, criminal justice, psychology, and neurology. ![]() At that time, there was some information in nursing sources, mainly focused on caring for individuals in substance use treatment. I remember pursuing literature on addiction for my doctoral thesis on pregnant crack cocaine users. We must ponder where to look for relevant knowledge. To identify what is known and not known is not as simple as conducting a search in the main biomedical and social science publication databases. ![]() The singular noun implies a single stream of knowledge, but knowledge, even if defined narrowly as published research evidence, flows from many regions, traditions, epistemologies, disciplines, and theoretical camps within disciplines. THE LITERATUREįirst, what is “the literature”? This question is more complex than it first appears. Editors and reviewers must judge the value of manuscripts’ contributions, so I have been mulling over this problem. It is relatively easy to recognize research designed well enough to contribute trustworthy knowledge, but it is much less easy to determine whether even a perfectly designed study fills a gap in the literature. Most of us would agree that a significant contribution is one that fills a problematic gap in existing evidence and thereby advances the science in that field. ![]() A significant original contribution to science is required for award of a PhD and for acceptance of any research article in RINAH. ![]()
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